Depression is a common but serious mood disorder that affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. It causes persistent sadness, loss of interest in enjoyable activities, and emotional or physical exhaustion.

Common Symptoms:

• Feeling sad, hopeless, or empty most of the day.

• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.

• Changes in appetite or weight.

• Sleep problems (insomnia or excessive sleep).

• Fatigue or low energy.

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.

• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness.

• Thoughts of death or suicide (in severe cases).

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Imbalance of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine).

• Family history of depression.

• Traumatic life events or chronic stress.

• Medical conditions (thyroid, hormonal issues).

Treatment Options:

• 🧠 Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), or supportive counseling.

• 💊 Antidepressant Medication: SSRIs, SNRIs, or atypical antidepressants prescribed based on individual needs.

• 🌞 Lifestyle Modifications: Exercise, healthy diet, adequate sleep, and social connection.

• 💡 Advanced Therapies (for severe cases): Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), or ketamine-assisted therapy (if approved by the psychiatrist).

Outcome:
With proper treatment and follow-up, most patients recover fully or achieve long-term remission. Early intervention greatly improves outcomes.