These disorders cause persistent changes in mood, affecting how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities.
Common types include:

• Depression (Major Depressive Disorder): Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and low motivation lasting weeks or months.

• Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder): A milder, long-term form of depression lasting two years or more.

• Bipolar Disorder: Involves episodes of depression and mania (periods of extreme energy, excitement, or irritability).

• Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder mood swings between depression and hypomania.

• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression related to seasonal changes, often during winter months.

Treatment: Medication (antidepressants, mood stabilizers), psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy), and lifestyle support.