Triggered by a distressing or life-threatening event.

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety after trauma.

• Acute Stress Disorder: Short-term reaction after trauma.

• Adjustment Disorder: Emotional distress following a major life change (e.g., loss, job change).

• Reactive Attachment Disorder: Seen in children, difficulty forming healthy attachments due to neglect.

Treatment: Trauma-focused therapy (EMDR, CBT), counseling, and sometimes antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.