Begin in early childhood and affect learning, communication, or behavior.

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Challenges with communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors.

• ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder): Difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

• Intellectual Disability: Below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

• Learning and Communication Disorders: Problems with reading, writing, or speech.

Treatment: Behavioral therapy, educational support, medication (like stimulants for ADHD), and parent counseling.